如何进行App蓝牙开发？教程详解！
App蓝牙开发教程
蓝牙技术在物联网和移动应用中扮演着至关重要的角色，本文将详细介绍如何在Android平台上进行蓝牙开发，包括UI界面设计、蓝牙搜索与配对连接以及蓝牙通信的实现，通过本文，你将掌握从基础到高级的蓝牙开发技能，能够独立完成一个蓝牙聊天应用的开发。
一、UI界面设计
1. 布局文件（activity_main.xml）
在app/src/main/res/layout目录下创建或修改布局文件activity_main.xml，使用ConstraintLayout进行界面设计：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<Button
android:id="@+id/buttonCheckBluetooth"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="是否支持蓝牙"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/guideline2"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/buttonBluetoothState"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="当前蓝牙状态"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/guideline2"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
android:id="@+id/guideline2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
app:layout_constraintGuide_begin="205dp" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/buttonTurnOnBluetooth"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="打开蓝牙"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/guideline2"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/buttonCheckBluetooth" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/buttonTurnOffBluetooth"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="关闭蓝牙"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/guideline2"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/buttonBluetoothState" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/buttonDiscoverable"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="使蓝牙可见"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/buttonTurnOnBluetooth" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/buttonFindDevices"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="搜索设备"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/guideline2"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/buttonTurnOffBluetooth" />
<ListView
android:id="@+id/listViewDevices"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="0dp"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/buttonDiscoverable"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"/>
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>2. MainActivity.java代码
在MainActivity.java中实现按钮点击事件和列表视图的数据绑定：
package com.example.bluetoothchat;
import android.Manifest;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Set;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
private ArrayAdapter<String> mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter;
private ArrayList<String> mDeviceList = new ArrayList<>();
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button buttonCheckBluetooth = findViewById(R.id.buttonCheckBluetooth);
Button buttonBluetoothState = findViewById(R.id.buttonBluetoothState);
Button buttonTurnOnBluetooth = findViewById(R.id.buttonTurnOnBluetooth);
Button buttonTurnOffBluetooth = findViewById(R.id.buttonTurnOffBluetooth);
Button buttonDiscoverable = findViewById(R.id.buttonDiscoverable);
Button buttonFindDevices = findViewById(R.id.buttonFindDevices);
ListView listViewDevices = findViewById(R.id.listViewDevices);
mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, mDeviceList);
listViewDevices.setAdapter(mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter);
// 检查设备是否支持蓝牙
buttonCheckBluetooth.setOnClickListener(v -> {
mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
Toast.makeText(this, "当前设备不支持蓝牙功能", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "设备支持蓝牙功能", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
// 获取当前蓝牙状态
buttonBluetoothState.setOnClickListener(v -> {
if (mBluetoothAdapter != null) {
if (mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
Toast.makeText(this, "蓝牙已开启", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "蓝牙已关闭", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "设备不支持蓝牙功能", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
// 打开蓝牙
buttonTurnOnBluetooth.setOnClickListener(v -> {
if (mBluetoothAdapter != null && !mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, 1);
}
});
// 关闭蓝牙
buttonTurnOffBluetooth.setOnClickListener(v -> {
if (mBluetoothAdapter != null) {
mBluetoothAdapter.disable();
Toast.makeText(this, "蓝牙已关闭", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
// 使设备可发现
buttonDiscoverable.setOnClickListener(v -> {
if (mBluetoothAdapter != null && !mBluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);
startActivity(discoverableIntent);
Toast.makeText(this, "设备可被发现", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
// 搜索设备
buttonFindDevices.setOnClickListener(v -> {
if (mBluetoothAdapter != null) {
mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
Toast.makeText(this, "开始搜索设备...", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
String deviceName = device.getName() + "
" + device.getAddress();
mDeviceList.add(deviceName);
mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
} else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) {
Toast.makeText(context, "搜索结束", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
unregisterReceiver(this);
}
}
};
}二、蓝牙搜索与配对连接
1. 添加权限和特性声明（AndroidManifest.xml）
在使用蓝牙功能之前，需要在AndroidManifest.xml中声明相关权限和特性：
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/> <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"/>
2. Constant.java文件内容如下：
package com.example.wyb.btw3.connect;
/**
* Created by WYB on 2023/4/24.
*/
public class Constant {
public static final String CONNECTTION_UUID = "00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB";
/**
* 开始监听
*/
public static final int MSG_START_LISTENING = 1;
/**
* 结束监听
*/
public static final int MSG_FINISH_LISTENING = 2;
/**
* 有客户端连接
*/
public static final int MSG_GOT_A_CLINET = 3;
/**
* 连接到服务器
*/
public static final int MSG_CONNECTED_TO_SERVER = 4;
/**
* 获取到数据
*/
public static final int MSG_GOT_DATA = 5;
/**
* 出错
*/
public static final int MSG_ERROR = -1;}3. BluetoothController.java文件内容如下：
package com.example.wyb.btw3;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.content.Intent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by WYB on 2023/4/24.
*/
public class BlueToothController {
private BluetoothAdapter mAdapter;
public BlueToothController(){
mAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
}/*打开蓝牙设备*/public void turnOnBlueTooth(Activity activity, int requestCode){Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);activity.startActivityForResult(intent, requestCode);}/*查找未绑定的蓝牙设备*/public void findDevice(){assert (mAdapter!=null);mAdapter.startDiscovery();}/*查看已绑定的蓝牙设备*/public List<BluetoothDevice> getBondedDeviceList(){return new ArrayList<>(mAdapter.getBondedDevices());}}```各位小伙伴们，我刚刚为大家分享了有关“app蓝牙开发教程”的知识，希望对你们有所帮助。如果您还有其他相关问题需要解决，欢迎随时提出哦！
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